Answer: B

Explanation:

Gene mapping is the process of determining the location of genes on chromosomes. For this, the genome is sequenced and then the sequence is analyzed using computer programs.

Gene mapping has many applications-identifying the location of genes on chromosomes, determining the distance between genes, understanding recombination patterns, discovering new genes, identifying complex diseases and predicting the outcomes of dihybrid and trihybrid crosses. .

Hence, both Statement 1 and 2 are correct but Statement-II is not the correct explanation of Statement-I. Hence, option (b) is correct.

Answer: D

Explanation:

Cloning is the process of making genetically identical copies of an organism. It involves copying an individual's entire genetic blueprint and producing offspring with the same genetic makeup.

Cloning occurs frequently in nature, such as when a cell replicates itself asexually without any genetic change or recombination. Some of the advantages of cloning are obtaining adapted organisms and using them for the benefit of society, creating clones of animals that can be used for research purposes, enabling genetic alteration of plants and animals. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.

Human cloning is not completely banned in India. Only reproductive cloning (which involves producing offspring) is banned. Therapeutic cloning (which involves the creation of tissue or organs for medical purposes) and the use of embryonic stem cells for research purposes are permitted. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect

Answer: A

Explanation:

Stem cells are undifferentiated or "empty" cells that have the potential to develop into any part of the body. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.

These cells are cells with the ability to develop into many different types of cells in the body. Under the right conditions in the body or laboratory, stem cells divide to form more cells called daughter cells. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.

These cells perform many functions in different parts of the body. The human body, under certain conditions, "divides" stem cells to form either new stem cells or cells with specific functions, such as blood cells, brain cells, bone cells, muscle cells, etc. Hence, statement 3 is correct.

Answer: D

Explanation:

Green biotechnology is used by more than 13 million farmers worldwide to fight pests and nourish crops and strengthen them against microorganisms and extreme weather events, such as droughts and frosts. White biotechnology works to improve manufacturing processes. Hence, pair 1 is not correctly matched.

Blue biotechnology exploits marine resources to obtain aquaculture, cosmetics and health care products. In addition, it is the branch most widely used to obtain biofuels from certain microalgae. Red biotechnology develops vaccines and medications. Hence, pair 2 is not correctly matched.

Yellow biotechnology: This branch is focused on food production and, for example, it carries out research to reduce the levels of saturated fats in cooking oils. Green biotechnology fights pests and nourishes crops. Hence, pair 3 is not correctly matched.

Answer: A

Explanation:

Local Treatment of Urban Sewage streams for Healthy Reuse (LOTUS-HR) project was initiated in July 2017 and aims to demonstrate a novel holistic (waste) water management approach that will produce clean water which can be reused for various purposes. The innovative pilot-scale modular plant upon commissioning will treat 10,000 L of sewage water per day and will showcase a self-sustaining model for the end-user. Hence, statement 1 is correct.

This pilot-scale facility will employ multiple technologies so that the data generated at the pilot scale becomes a toolbox of treatment technologies for replication at other sites in Delhi as well as other parts of India where similar drains exist. The LOTUS-HR project is jointly supported by the Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India, and Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research /STW, Government of Netherlands. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.