Answer: A

Explanation:

1st generation biofuels are also called conventional biofuels. They are made from things like sugar, starch, or vegetable oil.  Hence, pair 1 is not correctly matched.

2nd generation biofuels are produced from sustainable feedstock. The sustainability of a feedstock is defined by its availability, its impact on greenhouse gas emissions, its impact on land use, and by its potential to threaten the food supply. Hence, pair 2 is not correctly matched.

3rd generation biofuels are biofuel derived from algae. These biofuels are given their own separate class because of their unique production mechanism and their potential to mitigate most of the drawbacks of 1st and 2nd generation biofuels. Hence, pair 3 is correctly matched.

Answer: A

Explanation:

Bio-plastics are plastics that are derived from renewable resources, such as algae, sugarcane, corn, vegetable oil or wood pulp, instead of fossil fuels. They can be converted into natural substances like water, carbon dioxide, and compost by the action of micro-organisms in the environment. Hence, statement 1 is correct.

Bio-plastics are biodegradable materials that come from renewable sources and can be used to reduce the problem of contaminating plastic waste that is suffocating the planet and contaminating the environment. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.

Answer: C

Explanation:

Bio-fertilizer refers to such microscopic living bacteria, which provide essential nutrients for the growth of plants. In fact, the most important function of biofertilizer is in terms of nitrogen availability. Rhizobium, Azolla, Azospirillum, Lapoferum, Mycorrhiza, independent bacteria etc. are the components of bio-fertilizer. Hence, statement 1 is correct.

The two main fertilizers used in India are rhizobium and blue green algae (Azolla). These fertilizers also do not have any adverse effect on the environment. Due to this feature of bio-fertilizers, their use is being encouraged keeping in mind minimum use of chemical fertilizers and conservation of soil fertility and environmental protection. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

By using bio-fertilizers, the use of inorganic (chemical) fertilizers can be reduced by about 25 percent. Bio-fertilizer is the cheapest source of nitrogen. Under the auspices of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research, these bio-fertilizers are mainly being used for paddy crop. Hence, statement 3 is correct.

Answer: C

Explanation:

Bioinformatics is the use of computational and analytical tools to interpret and capture biological data. It's an interdisciplinary field that uses biology, physics, mathematics, and computer science. Hence, statement 1 is correct.

Bioinformatics is used to: Analyze and interpret biological data, develop computer programs to manage, access and use biological information, create mathematical formulas and statistical approaches to evaluate relationships in large datasets, collect, store, analyze and disseminate biological data and information. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

Answer: C

Explanation:

Metagenomics is the study of microbes present in a natural environment. In this, the complex microbial communities present in that environment and the genomic structure of the entire organism are examined. In metagenomics, genetic material is obtained and studied directly from environmental or clinical samples by a method called sequencing. It is also called environmental genomics, ecogenomics, community genomics, or microbiomics. Hence, statement 1 and 2 are correct.

In metagenomics, the structure and function of nucleotide sequences of all organisms (usually microbes) present in a bulk sample is isolated and studied. Metagenomics is often used to study specific communities of microorganisms that are found in human skin, soil, or water. Hence, statement 3 is correct.