Answer: A

Explanation:

In 1980, the Delhi High Court said that it is not necessary in the Constitution that a person should prove his majority in the Lok Sabha before being appointed Prime Minister. The President must first appoint the Prime Minister and then ask him to prove his majority in the Lok Sabha within a reasonable time frame. For example Charan Singh (1979), V.P. Singh (1989), Chandrashekhar (1990), P.V. Narasimha Rao (1991), Atal Bihari Vajpayee (1996), H.D. Deve Gowda (1996), I.K. Gujral (1997) and again Atal Bihari Vajpayee (1998) were appointed Prime Ministers in the same manner. Hence statement 1 is not correct.

In 1997, the Supreme Court ruled that a person who is not a member of any house can be appointed Prime Minister for 6 months. During this period he will have to become a member of any House of Parliament; Otherwise he will not continue on the post of Prime Minister. According to the Constitution, the Prime Minister can be a member of either of the two houses of Parliament. For example, Indira Gandhi (1966), Deve Gowda (1996) and Manmohan Singh (2004 and 2009) were members of the Rajya Sabha. On the other hand, in Britain the Prime Minister must be a member of the lower house (House of Commons). Hence, statement 2 is correct.

Answer: A

Explanation:

According to the Constitution, the Parliament of India has three organs - the President, the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha. In 1954, the terms Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha were adopted in place of the State Council and House of the People respectively. Hence, statement 1 is correct.

Rajya Sabha is called the upper house (second chamber or the House of Elders) while Lok Sabha is called the lower house (first chamber or the popular assembly). Rajya Sabha consists of representatives of states and union territories, while Lok Sabha represents the people of India as a whole. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.

Answer: C

Explanation:

The right against exploitation of children, women and tribes has been approved in the Constitution, whereas the word Dalit is not mentioned in the Constitution. Hence, option (c) is correct.

Answer: A

Explanation:

'Quorum' or quorum is the minimum number of members, with whose presence the work of the House is conducted. This is one-tenth of the total members including the presiding officer in each House. This means that if any work has to be done then there must be at least 55 members in the Lok Sabha and at least 25 members in the Rajya Sabha. If the quorum is not complete at the time of functioning of the House, then it is the responsibility of the Speaker or Chairman to either adjourn the House or not to transact any business until the quorum is present. Hence, option (a) is correct.

Answer: A

Explanation:

The Directive Principle of State Policy, free legal advice, was a later addition to the Constitution. Free legal advice (Article 39A) was added by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment (1976). The Uniform Civil Code (Article 44) was already present in the Constitution. The organization of Gram Panchayats (Article 40) was already present in the Constitution. Cow slaughter prohibition (Article 48) was already present in the Constitution. Hence, option (a) is correct.