Answer: C

Explanation:

The first meeting of the Constituent Assembly was held on December 9, 1946. Muslim League boycotted the meeting and stressed the demand for a separate Pakistan. Therefore only 211 members participated in the meeting. Like France, the senior most member of this assembly, Dr. Sachchidanand Sinha, was elected the temporary president of the assembly. Later on December 11, 1946, Dr. Rajendra Prasad and H.C. Mukherjee was elected the President and Deputy President of the Constituent Assembly respectively. Sir B.N. Rai was appointed the Constitutional Advisor of the Assembly. Hence, statements 1 and 2 both are correct.

Answer: A

Explanation:

The principle of sovereignty of Parliament is associated with the British Parliament, while the principle of supremacy of the judiciary is derived from the US Supreme Court. Just as the Indian parliamentary system is different from the British system, in the same way the judicial review power of the Supreme Court in India is less than that of the US Supreme Court. This is because the US Constitution provides for 'due process of law', whereas the Indian Constitution provides for 'procedure established by law' (Article 21).

The framers of the Indian Constitution gave priority to striking a proper balance between Britain's parliamentary sovereignty and America's judicial supremacy. On one hand, the Supreme Court can declare parliamentary laws unconstitutional under its powers of judicial review, on the other hand, the Parliament can amend large parts of the Constitution on the strength of its constitutional powers.

Here, statements I and II both are correct and statement II is the correct explanation of statement I. Hence, option (a) is correct.

Answer: A

Explanation:

Universal adult Franchise has been adopted by the Indian Constitution as the basis for elections to the State Assemblies and the Lok Sabha. Every person who is at least 18 years of age has the right to vote without any discrimination on the basis of religion, caste, sex, literacy or wealth etc. In 1989, by the 61st Constitutional Amendment Act, 1988, the voting age was reduced from 21 years to 18 years.

Adult franchise, along with giving a greater basis to democracy, increases the self-respect of the general public, implements the principle of equality, gives opportunities to minorities to protect their interests and raises new hopes and expectations for the weaker sections. Universal Adult Franchise in the Indian Constitution applies to elections to both state assemblies and the Lok Sabha. Hence, option (a) is correct.

Answer: B

Explanation:

The Preamble was first included in the American Constitution and subsequently many other countries adopted it, including India. Preamble is called the introduction or introduction of the Constitution. This contains the essence of the Constitution. Renowned jurist and constitutional expert N.A. Palkhiwala has called the Preamble 'the introduction letter of the Constitution'. Hence, statements 1 and 2 are correct.

The Preamble of the Indian Constitution is based on the 'Objective Resolution' drafted and introduced by Pandit Nehru and adopted by the Constituent Assembly. It was amended by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976, which inserted the words socialist, secular and integrity. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.

Answer: D

Explanation:

Some key terms are mentioned in the introduction. These words are- Sovereignty, Socialist, Secular, Democratic, Republic, Justice, Freedom, Equality and Fraternity. Hence, option (d) is correct.