Answer: (B)

Explanation: Treaty System was a treaty between the British East India Company and the Indian princely states. It was built by Lord Wellesley between the years 1798 and 1805. Under this treaty, Indian rulers were made subordinate to the wishes of the British East India Company. The Indian states that signed the Subsidiary Treaty lost their sovereignty to the British. Terms of Subsidiary Treaty:

• They were not expected to engage in wars or enter into treaties.
• Subsidies must be paid to maintain one's crew.
• The Resident was kept in the court of the native ruler.
• Under the Subsidiary Treaty System, if an Indian ruler entered into a subsidiary treaty with the British, he would have to accept the presence of a British army in his territory and would also have to bear the expenses of the British army.

Hence, statement 1 is incorrect while statements 2 and 3 are correct.

Answer: (C)

Explanation: Reasons for decline of handicrafts in India:

• The decline of the native princely states which were the biggest buyers of these industries.
• In England, excessive taxes were imposed on Indian goods, due to which the goods here were available at expensive rates.
• The introduction of free trade by the Charter of 1813 led to the large-scale arrival of British traders in India, who came not to buy goods made in India but to sell goods made in England. Therefore, the above mentioned three reasons contributed to the decline of handicrafts in India.

Answer: (D)

Explanation: Between 1870 and 1905, many Indian intellectuals analyzed the economic aspects of British rule. Among these, the contribution of three people was most important. They were: 1. Dadabhai Naoroji 2. Mahadev Govind Ranade and 3. I. C. S officer Ramesh Chandra Dutta. They wrote the economic history of India. Apart from these three, other political activists and journalists including G.V. Joshi, G. Subramanya Iyer, Gopalkrishna Gokhale, Prithvish Chandra Roy analyzed every aspect of the then economy in depth. These people came to the conclusion that the biggest obstacle in the way of India's economic development was colonialism.

Answer: (A)

Explanation: Strachey Commission was formed by Lord Lytton to give suggestions related to famine. Whereas Lyell Commission was formed by Lord Elgin to give suggestions related to famine whereas Macdonald Commission was constituted by Lord Curzon. The first Industrial Commission was constituted by Lord Hardinge II in 1921 AD. Hence, pairs 1, 2, and 3 are correctly matched, while pair 4 is not correctly matched.

Answer: (D)

Explanation: The East India Company discouraged the prevalent system of Oriental education and promoted Western education and the English language. In the Charter Act of 1813, a provision for spending one lakh rupees annually for the spread of education in India was adopted. In 1823, the General Committee of Public Instruction was formed, whose responsibility was to give a grant of one lakh rupees for education. The committee included 10 European members, after which, during the reign of Governor General Lord William Cavendish Bentinck (1828-1835), on March 7, 1835, Lord Macaulay's proposal was accepted and English was accepted as the medium of higher education in India. The supporters of Anglicist education in India were led by Munro and Elphinstone, while H. T. Prinsep was the leader of the supporters of Orientalist education.