Answer: A

Explanation:

The principle of lapse was formulated by Lord Dalhousie. He was the Governor-General of India from 1848 to 1856. Under this policy, if a territory had no successor, that territory automatically joined the British Empire. Hence, pair 1 is correctly matched.

The Ilbert Bill was a controversial bill introduced in India in 1883. It was introduced by Lord Ripon, the British Viceroy of India. This bill sought to remove the racial barrier in the Code of Criminal Procedure. The Regulating Act was introduced during the time of Warren Hastings. Hence, pairs 2 and 3 are not correctly matched.

Answer: C

Explanation:

Between 1870 and 1905, many Indian intellectuals analyzed the economic aspects of British rule. Among these, the contribution of three people was most important. They were: 1. Dadabhai Naoroji 2. Mahadev Govind Ranade and 3. I. C. S officer Ramesh Chandra Dutta. They wrote the economic history of India. Apart from these three, other political activists and journalists including G.V. Joshi, G Subramanya Iyer, Gopalkrishna Gokhale, Prithvi Chandra Roy analyzed every aspect of the then economy in depth. These people came to the conclusion that the biggest obstacle in the way of India's economic development was colonialism. Hence, option (c) is correct.

Answer: B

Explanation:

During the tenure of Warren Hastings, in 1772, the ' Court of Directors ' decided to end the dual system of governance. Warren Hastings deposed both the Deputy Diwans, Muhammad Raza Khan and Raja Shitab Rai. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.

'Banaras Revolt ' was led by Raja Chet Singh in 1781. In this rebellion, the then Governor General Warren Hastings fled with his soldiers and took shelter in Chunar Fort. Hence,  statement 2 is correct.

The British laid the foundation of a new system of justice delivery through the hierarchical organization of civil and criminal courts. This system was started by Warren Hastings, but Cornwallis further strengthened it. The ' Cornwallis Code ' of 1793 was based on the principle of separation of powers, under which tax and justice administration were separated. Hence,  statement 3 is correct.

Answer: A

Explanation:

Strachey Commission was formed by Lord Lytton to give suggestions related to famine. Whereas Lyell Commission was formed by Lord Elgin to give suggestions related to famine. Whereas Macdonald Commission was constituted by Lord Curzon. The first Industrial Commission was constituted by Lord Hardinge II in 1921 AD. Hence, pairs 1, 2, and 3 are correctly matched, while pair 4 is not correctly matched.

Answer: C

Explanation:

The East India Company discouraged the prevalent system of Oriental education and promoted Western education and the English language. In the Charter Act of 1813, a provision for spending one lakh rupees annually for the spread of education in India was adopted. In 1823, the General Committee of Public Instruction was formed, whose responsibility was to give a grant of one lakh rupees for education . The committee included 10 European members, after which, during the reign of Governor General Lord William Cavendish Bentinck (1828-1835), on March 7, 1835, Lord Macaulay's proposal was accepted and English was accepted as the medium of higher education in India. The supporters of Anglicist education in India were led by Munro and Elphinstone, while H. T. Prinsep was the leader of the supporters of Orientalist education. Hence, option (c) is correct.