Answer: (a)

Explanation:

India extends from 8° 4' North to 37° 6' North latitude and from 68° 7' East to 97° 25' East longitude. Thus, its latitudinal and longitudinal extension is about thirty degrees. The country's southernmost point, Pygmalion Point or Indira Point, is located at 6° 45' north latitude in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, off mainland India. Its north-south extent from Indira Colony in Kashmir to Kanyakumari is 3,214 km while its east-west breadth from Rann of Kutch to Arunachal Pradesh is 2,933 km. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.

India's latitudinal extent is about one-third the angular distance between the equator and the North Pole and its longitudinal extent is about one-twelfth the circumference of the equator. The longitudinal difference between Saurashtra in the west and Arunachal Pradesh in the east is about 30°. The Earth rotates 360° on its axis in 24 hours. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

Answer: (b)

Explanation:

India holds an important place in South Asia. There are a total of 28 states and 8 union territories in the country. India's two neighboring island nations across the ocean in the south are Sri Lanka and Maldives. India occupies 2.4 percent of the world's geographical area and is the seventh largest country in the world. It is located in the Northern Hemisphere. India is located in the north-eastern hemisphere of the Earth between 8°4' to 37°6' north latitude and 68°7' to 97°25' east longitude. The extent of latitude and longitude is approximately 30°. But still the expansion of East-West appears to be less than the expansion of North-South. The Tropic of Cancer is the only latitudinal route passing through India. This line passes through eight states of India (Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura and Mizoram). 82°30' East longitude line is considered the standard meridian of India which passes through Mirzapur in Uttar Pradesh. Latitude affects the length of day and night, from south to north. Hence, statement 1 is not correct and statement 2 is correct.

Our neighbors across the ocean to the south are the two island nations of Sri Lanka and the Maldives. The short sea route between India and Sri Lanka is the Palk Strait and the Gulf of Mannar. Maldives is located to the south of the Lakshadweep group. Hence, statement 3 is correct.

Answer: (c)

Explanation:

Global warming can have many potential impacts, including sea level rise, melting of polar ice caps, increased extreme weather events, reduced agricultural production, loss of biodiversity, etc. Hence, option (c) is the correct answer.

Answer: (c)

Explanation:

The land of India shows great physical diversity. Geologically the peninsular plateau is the oldest part of the earth's surface. It was considered a very stable piece of land. But recent earthquakes have proved this wrong. The Himalayas and the northern plains are recently formed landforms. According to geologists, the Himalayan Mountains are an unstable part. The entire Himalayan mountain range shows a young topography, which has high peaks, deep valleys and fast flowing rivers. The northern plains of India are composed of alluvial deposits brought by the Indus, Ganga and Brahmaputra rivers and their tributaries. Hence, statement 1 is correct.

The Peninsular Plateau is the ancient landmass of India. This plateau is triangular and widens in the north. It narrows in the south as it approaches Kanyakumari. The Peninsular Plateau extends from the Aravalli Range in the west to the Chota Nagpur Plateau in the east. The peninsular plateau is composed of igneous and metamorphic hard crystalline rocks. It was formed due to the breaking and sliding of Gondwana land. It is composed of plateau, wide and shallow valleys and rounded hills. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

Answer: (b)

Explanation:

The geographical features of India are divided into a total of six parts: the Himalayan mountain range, the northern plains, the peninsular plateau, the Indian desert, the coastal plains and the islands. The Himalayas spread on the northern border of India are geologically young and structurally folded mountain ranges. These mountain ranges extend from Indus to Brahmaputra in west-east direction. It contains all the main peaks of the Himalayas. Some of the highest peaks of the Himalayas are Mount Everest (Nepal), Kanchenjunga (India), Makalu (Nepal), Dhaulagiri (Nepal), Nanga Parvat (India), Annapurna (Nepal), Nanda Devi (India), Kamet (India), Namcha Barua ( India) and Gurula Mandhata (Nepal). The northern plains are made up of three major river systems – the Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra and their tributaries. This plain is made of alluvial soil. The edges of the peninsular plateau extend into narrow coastal strips. It extends from the Arabian Sea in the west to the Bay of Bengal in the east. Hence, option (b) is the correct answer.