Answer: D

Explanation:

There are many mountain ranges in Kashmir Himalaya, such as Karakoram, Ladakh, Jaskkar and Pir Panjal. The north-eastern part of the Kashmir Himalaya, situated between the Greater Himalaya and the Karakoram ranges, is a cold desert. Between the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal lie the world famous Kashmir Valley and Lake Dal. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect

Baltoro and Siachen, the important glacial rivers of South Asia, are in this region. Kashmir Himalaya is also famous for Karewa, where saffron is cultivated. Important ranges like Zojila in the Greater Himalayas, Banihal in Pir Panjal, Fotula in the Zaskar range and Khardugala in the Ladakh range are located. Important freshwater lakes, such as Dal and Wular and salt water lakes like Pangong Tso and Somuriri are also found in this area. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect

Answer: D

Explanation:

The main watershed in peninsular India is formed by the Western Ghats, which run from north to south near the western coast. Most of the main rivers of the peninsular region like Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna and Kaveri flow towards the east and fall into the Bay of Bengal. These rivers form deltas at their mouths. There are many small streams flowing west from the Western Ghats. Narmada and Tapi are the only two big rivers that flow towards the west and form estuaries. The drainage basins of peninsular rivers are relatively small in size. Hence, statements 1 and 2 both are incorrect

Answer: C

Explanation:

The main source of energy on Earth is the Sun. This energy keeps radiating all around in the space in the form of short waves. This radiated energy is called solar radiation. Only two units of total solar radiation reach the surface. This small part of solar radiation is very important for the Earth, because it is the only source of energy for all the physical and biological phenomena occurring on the Earth. Solar radiation coming towards the earth in the form of short waves is called insolation. The amount of solar heat reaching the Earth's surface is much less than the amount of heat radiated from the Sun, because the Earth is much smaller than the Sun and it is very far from the Sun. Apart from this, water vapor, dust particles, ozone and other gasses present in the atmosphere absorb some amount of insolation. Hence, option (c) is correct.

Answer: C

Explanation:

Red soil has developed in the areas of low rainfall in the eastern and southern parts of the Deccan Plateau, where coarse igneous rocks are found. Red loamy soil is found in a long strip of the foothills of the Western Ghats. Yellow and red soils are found in some parts of Odisha and Chhattisgarh and southern parts of the central Gangetic plain. The red color of this soil is due to the widespread diffusion of iron in clayey and metamorphic rocks. It appears yellow because it is hydrated. Red and yellow soils with fine particles are generally fertile. On the contrary, the soils of highlands with coarse particles are infertile. They are generally deficient in nitrogen, phosphorus and humus. Hence, option (c) is the correct answer.

Answer: D

Explanation:

Rain comes at intervals of a few days. There is a tendency of decreasing rainfall amount from west to east-north-east on the western coast of India and from east-south-east to north-west in the North Indian plain and northern part of the peninsula. Hence, statements 1 and 2 both are correct.