Answer: C

Explanation:

Arundhati Roy, along with a group of activists, protested against the damming of the diverted Narmada River as part of the Narmada Bachao Andolan. This was for those displaced people to whom the state government refused to compensate, saying it had no land to provide rehabilitation. Hence, option (c) is correct.

Answer: C

Explanation:

Baba Amte was a prominent social worker and environmental protection activist of India. He established many ashrams and communities for the abandoned people of the society and leprosy patients. He struggled all his life for environmental protection and dedicated his entire life to wildlife conservation and Narmada Bachao Andolan. Hence, statement 1 is correct.

He was awarded Padma Shri in the year 1971, Ramon Magsaysay Award in the year 1985, Damian Dutton Award in the year 1983, Padma Vibhushan in the year 1986 and Gandhi Peace Prize in the year 1999. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

Answer: A

Explanation:

Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty was signed in Madrid on October 4, 1991. This protocol came into effect in 1998. This convention considers Antarctica as a 'natural reserve, dedicated to peace and science'. Section 7 of this convention prohibits all activities related to Antarctic mineral resources except scientific research. This Convention may be amended by the year 2048 by unanimous consent of all Consultative Parties to the Antarctic Treaty. Also, the ban on mineral resource related activities cannot be lifted unless a binding regime is implemented on Antarctic mineral resource activities. India became party to this protocol on January 14, 1998. Hence, option (a) is correct.

Answer: D

Explanation:

In the coral reef areas, fringing type coral reefs are found in Gulf of Mannar, Gulf of Kutch (least) and Andaman and Nicobar Islands (most) and atoll type coral reefs are found in Lakshadweep. Since 1997, extreme warming due to El Nino has caused massive coral bleaching in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. About 70 percent of the coral here had died. Hence, option (d) is correct.

Answer: B

Explanation:

Chlorine in chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) depletes the ozone layer in the stratosphere. CFCs are first generation gases used in cooling. Now, countries are moving towards the use of second generation refrigerant gases. Especially halogenated CFCs which are called hydro-chlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs). Although to a lesser extent than CFCs, they also destroy the ozone layer. Hence, option (b) is correct.