Answer: C

Explanation:

Plants require 17 essential elements for their growth and development. The three most important elements are nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Hence, statement 1 is correct.

Weeds are plants that grow in unwanted locations and often compete with cultivated crops for essential resources like nutrients, water and sunlight. Their presence can have adverse effects on crop growth and productivity. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

Manures are organic materials derived from the decomposition of animal waste and other organic matter. When incorporated into the soil, manures provide essential nutrients and play a crucial role in enhancing soil fertility. Hence, statement 3 is correct.

Soil erosion can occur due to both natural processes and human activities. Natural processes, such as wind and water, can cause soil erosion. Human activities such as deforestation and overgrazing can also contribute to soil erosion. Hence, statement 4 is incorrect.

Answer: A

Explanation:

The Environment (Protection) Act 1986 is a central legislation in India that provides for the prevention and control of air and water pollution and the protection of the environment. The Act prohibits the discharge of any pollutant into the air or water without a permit from the appropriate authority. It also establishes a number of standards for the quality of air and water in different areas. Hence, statement 1 is correct.

The National Forest Policy 1988 is a policy document that outlines the Government of India's approach to forest conservation and management. The Policy aims to conserve and expand forest areas for ecological stability and environmental security. It sets a target of having 33% of the land area under forest cover. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

Here, statement-II is the correct explanation of statement-I.

Answer: D

Explanation:

Organic farming does not rely on the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides. Instead, it relies on the use of natural fertilizers, such as manure and compost, and biological pest control methods. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.

Permaculture is indeed a holistic design system based on ecological principles. It was developed in the 1970s by Bill Mollison and David Holmgren as a response to the environmental challenges and unsustainable practices of modern society. The term "permaculture" is a combination of "permanent agriculture" and "permanent culture," reflecting its aim to create sustainable and regenerative systems that can last for the long term. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

Answer: B

Explanation:

CRZ stands for Coastal Regulation Zone, and it provides guidelines to regulate and manage development activities in the coastal areas of India. The Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) notifications were first issued in 1991 under the Environmental Protection Act, 1986 and have been periodically revised to address the changing environmental concerns and safeguard the coastal environment. Hence, statement 1 is correct.

CRZ guidelines do not permit unrestricted construction of high-rise buildings along the coastline. In fact, one of the primary objectives of the Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) guidelines is to regulate and control construction activities in coastal areas to protect the coastal environment and prevent adverse impacts on coastal ecosystems. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.

The Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) guidelines aim to protect coastal ecosystems and biodiversity in India. The primary objective of the CRZ guidelines is to ensure the sustainable development and conservation of the coastal environment including the protection of coastal ecosystems, flora and fauna. Hence, statement 3 is correct.

Answer: C

Explanation:

Seed banks preserve the genetic diversity of plant species by storing seeds in a cool, dry environment. This helps to ensure that the genetic diversity of these species is not lost, even if the species themselves become extinct in the wild. The genetic diversity of a plant species is important for its survival. It allows the species to adapt to changing environmental conditions, such as climate change or pests. If a plant species loses its genetic diversity, it may not be able to adapt to these changes and may become extinct. Hence, statement 1 is correct.

Seed banks are often located in botanical gardens or other institutions that study plants. This means that seed banks can also be used to study the genetic diversity of plant species and to learn more about how these species evolved. A botanical museum is a collection of plant specimens that is used for research and education. Seed banks can be considered botanical museums because they often contain a large collection of seeds from different plant species. This collection can be used to study the genetic diversity of plant species and to learn more about how these species evolved. Hence, statement 2 is correct.