Answer: (b)

Explanation:

Indian Center for Ecology is in Bengaluru. It was founded in the year 1909 by Jamsetji Nusserwanji Tata. It is a major research and education center of the country. Hence, pair 1 is correctly matched.

Wildlife Institute of India is located in Dehradun, Uttarakhand. Established in the year 1982, Wildlife Institute of India (WII) is an internationally acclaimed institute, which provides a training programme, academic courses and consultancy in wildlife research and management. Hence, pair 2 is correctly matched.

Indian Institute of Forest Management (IIFM) is an autonomous training institute located in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. It was established in the year 1982 by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of India. Hence, pair 3 is not correctly matched.

Answer: (a)

Explanation:

The Wild Life Protection Act was implemented in India on September 9, 1972. The Wildlife Protection Act was passed in 1972 by the Government of India to protect and preserve wild animals from trafficking and illegal hunting. Hence, option (a) is correct.

Answer: (b)

Explanation:

Animals like leopard, bear, sambar, wild boar, wolf, peacock, nilgai etc. are found in Bhim Dam Sanctuary. This sanctuary is located in Munger district. Vikramshila Ganga Sanctuary was recognized as a dolphin sanctuary by the Government of Bihar in the year 1990. This sanctuary is situated in Bhagalpur. Sanjay Gandhi Sanctuary ranks first in the country in terms of rhinoceros breeding. It is situated in Patna. Parman Sanctuary was established in Araria. It is also known for dolphins. Hence, option (b) is correct.

Answer: (d)

Explanation:

Halophyotes are a special type of xerophilous plants that grow in alkaline soils containing high concentrations of salts like NaCl, MgCl2 and MgSO4. These soils are physiologically dry. The value of their osmotic pressure is very high. Most of the plants growing in these are fleshy (succulent). Their leaves are green, thin, microscopic and leathery in which water storage tissue is found.

Saline-philous plants are divided into the following types - lithophilous, i.e., those growing on rocks and stones, psammophilous, i.e., those growing on sand, pelophilous, i.e., those growing in mud, and helophilous i.e. saline hygrophytes growing in swamps. Hence all the pairs are correctly matched.

Answer: (c)

Explanation:

Species that influence their community by creating, modifying, or maintaining physical habitat for themselves and other species. A keystone species is an organism that helps hold the system together. A common example of a keystone species is the predator-predator relationship. These species influence the structure and function of an ecosystem. Hence statement 1 is correct.

Keystone species influence their community by creating, modifying, or maintaining physical habitat for themselves and other species. Examples of keystone species are bees: pollination of fruits and flowers, plankton: food for many fish, starfish, sea otters, etc. Species that first reach areas where there was no life before are called pioneer species. Hence statement 2 is correct.