Answer: c

Explanation:

Bioluminescence is the ability of organisms to emit light. It is a part of organisms' adaptation for survival. Bioluminescent organisms are commonly found in marine environments, but they are also found on terrestrial environments. The color of light emitted by organisms depends on their chemical properties. Hence, statement 1 is correct.

Bioluminescence in some organisms helps protect them from predators. Bioluminescence attracts insects, which helps spread the spores. It may also be a mechanism to protect the organism from frugivorous (or fruit-eating) organisms. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

Answer: c

Explanation:

The Myristica swamp treefrog is a rare arboreal species of the Western Ghats. Its scientific name is Mercurana myristicapalustris. It was first recorded north of Shencottah Gap in the Vazhachal Reserve Forest in Thrissur district of Kerala. Hence, option (c) is correct.

Answer: b

Explanation:

Water vapor is Earth's most abundant greenhouse gas. It is responsible for about half of the Earth's greenhouse effect. Hence, option (b) is correct.

Answer: d

Explanation:

Many wild animal and bird species are listed in various schedules of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. Similarly, these species are also classified under IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) Red List, CITES and Convention on Migratory Species (CMS). The categories of species under these legal instruments are: insects, reptiles, fishes, birds and mammals. Hence, option (d) is correct.

Answer: b

Explanation:

Stratospheric Ozone is a natural layer of ozone that protects the Earth from the sun's harmful ultraviolet rays. It is found 6 to 30 miles above the earth's surface. Ground-level ozone, also called tropospheric ozone, is formed by the interaction of man-made and natural emissions of volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides. It is found at ground level. The primary components of photochemical smog are NOX, VOCs, ozone (O) and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). One of the primary components of photochemical smog is ozone. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.

Photochemical smog is a term used to describe air pollution that results from the reaction of sunlight with certain chemicals in the atmosphere. Where ozone in the stratosphere is protected from harmful UV While it protects the earth from radiation, ozone at the ground level is dangerous for human health. Hence, statement 2 is correct.