Answer: b

Explanation:

Sun is the eternal source of energy on Earth. Coal, petroleum and natural gas are fossil fuels and are also non-renewable energy sources. It is extremely worrying that these energy sources are rapidly depleting to meet the needs of industry and transportation. Sunlight, wind, water, biomass, geothermal heat are some of the renewable resources of energy. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.

These include fossil fuels (coal, petroleum, natural gas, oil shale, bitumen, tar sands and heavy oil), water and nuclear energy, conventional resources, while solar, bio, wind, marine, hydrogen and geothermal energy are unconventional or alternative energy resources. At another level we have commercial energy sources like coal, petroleum, electricity and also non-commercial resources like wood fuel, cow dung and agricultural waste. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

Answer: c

Explanation:

Electricity is produced from hydroelectric and coal-burning power plants in a similar manner.

In both cases the power source is used to rotate the turbine. A coal-burning power plant uses steam to rotate turbine blades; Whereas a hydroelectric plant uses falling water to rotate a turbine. Hence, statement 1 is correct.

Hydroelectric plants, which are driven by water turbines, make indirect use of solar energy. Flowing and falling water, like rain from a cloud, falls on the turbine and rotates its blades. Even today, the energy of flowing water is used to transport wooden logs from inaccessible places in the hilly areas. Water mill has been used for grinding grains. During evaporation in the water cycle, a part of the solar energy is converted into the potential energy of water molecules. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

The kinetic energy of flowing water is used by hydropower plants to generate electricity on a large scale. The flow of rivers is stopped by building dams. Where water from the upper part of the dam is dropped through pipes onto the blades of turbines built near the base of the dam. Hence, statement 3 is correct.

Answer: c

Explanation:

Energy Village is a concept in which arrangements are made to meet all the energy needs of the rural area from locally available energy sources. Its objective is to make villages self-reliant in the field of energy. This not only fulfills the needs of domestic energy, lighting, irrigation, etc.; There are possibilities of using it as commercial energy also. Biogas plant for cooking in an ideal energy village; Solar batteries for television, radio etc.; A windmill operated by a biogas engine, which provides drinking water and irrigation, is expected. For this ambitious scheme, the Department of Non-Conventional Energy Sources has established 'Rural Renewable Energy System' RRES. Under this system, it has been used successfully in many villages and work on it is going on in many villages. Hence, all three statements are correct.

Answer: c

Explanation:

Gasohol is a cheaper alternative to fuel, which is prepared from sugarcane juice. Normal alcohol is prepared from sugarcane under gasohol. Pollution can be avoided by mixing this alcohol with petrol. Hence, statement 1 is correct.

According to K. K Gandhi, a scientist at the Indian Petroleum Institute, the amount spent on petroleum in India and the increase in petroleum pollution can be reduced to a great extent by the use of gasohol. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

Gasohol fuel can be used in the engines of cars, motorcycles, scooters, etc. without making any changes. By using this fuel, environmental and ecological side effects can be avoided. By mixing alcohol made from sugarcane in petrol, emissions of hydrogen, carbon and carbon monoxide into the environment are almost eliminated and there is no problem like smoke and rumbling in the fuel. By using gasohol, fuel can be saved by 3 to 5 percent. Hence, statement 3 is correct.

Answer: b

Explanation:

Battery operated vehicles are driven by electric motors instead of petrol and diesel. In these vehicles, the motor receives electricity from recharged batteries. Hence, statement 1 is correct.

Battery operated vehicles provide environment friendly, pollution free and energy efficient sustainable transportation system. Expected improvements in technical efficiency are being achieved through research work in this area. Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) is the nodal agency, integrating and coordinating State Departments and Union Territories for dissemination and promotion of VoV. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

B.O.V. Support is being provided to research and development projects related to high capacity batteries like nickel metal hydride, lithium-ion, lithium polymer electrolyte batteries and super capacitors. Nickel metal hydride, developed for powering an electric scooter, has been demonstrated. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.