Answer: C

Explanation:

In 1983, the Central Government constituted a three-member Commission on Centre-State Relations under the chairmanship of retired Supreme Court judge R. S. Sarkaria." A three-member Commission on Centre-State Relations was constituted under the chairmanship of Sarkaria. The Commission was asked to examine all the arrangements and working practices between the Center and the Government and provide appropriate changes and substantive recommendations in this regard. It was given a time limit of one year to complete its work, however, its mandate had to be extended four times. The final report was submitted in October 1987 and its summary was officially released in January 1988. Hence, statements 1 and 2 both are incorrect.

Answer: C

Explanation:

The President is not elected directly by the public but is elected by the members of an electoral college. It includes elected members of both the Houses of Parliament, elected members of the State Legislative Assembly and elected members of the Union Territories of Delhi and Puducherry Legislative Assemblies.

Thus, nominated members of both Houses of Parliament, nominated members of State Legislative Assemblies, members (elected and nominated) of State Legislative Councils (in case of bicameral legislature) and nominated members of Delhi and Puducherry Legislative Assemblies do not participate in the election of the President. When an Assembly is dissolved, its members cannot vote in the election of the President. Even in the case when the election of the dissolved Assembly was not held before the election of the President. Hence, all three statements are correct.

Answer: D

Explanation:

The post of Vice-President is the second highest post in the country. In the official hierarchy his position comes after the President. The post of Vice-President has been created on the lines of the Vice-President of America.

The office of the Vice-President may become vacant for the following reasons, such as, on the expiry of his 5-year term of office, on his resignation, on his dismissal, on his death, otherwise, for example, if he ceases to hold office. Is ineligible or his election is declared invalid. When a post becomes vacant due to the expiry of its tenure, then a new election should be held to fill that post before the completion of its tenure. If his post becomes vacant due to his death, resignation, removal or any other reason, in that situation elections should be held as soon as possible. The newly elected Vice-President holds his office for 5 years after assuming office. Hence, option (d) is correct.

Answer: D

Explanation:

The Constitution does not provide any specific procedure for the election and appointment of the Prime Minister. Article 75 only says that the President will appoint the Prime Minister. However, this does not mean that the President is free to appoint any person as Prime Minister. According to the parliamentary system of government, the President appoints the leader of the party having majority in the Lok Sabha as the Prime Minister, but if no party has a clear majority in the Lok Sabha, then the President can exercise his personal discretion in appointing the Prime Minister. In this situation, the President usually appoints the leader of the largest party or coalition as the Prime Minister and asks him to obtain a vote of confidence in the House within 1 month. Hence, option (d) is correct.

Answer: C

Explanation:

According to the Constitution, the Parliament of India has three organs - the President, the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha. In 1954, the terms Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha were adopted in place of State Council and House of the People respectively. Hence, statement 1 is correct.

Rajya Sabha is called the upper house (second chamber or the House of Elders) while Lok Sabha is called the lower house (first chamber or the popular assembly). Rajya Sabha consists of representatives of states and union territories, while Lok Sabha represents the people of India as a whole. Although the President is not a member of any house of the Parliament nor does he sit in the Parliament, but the President is an integral part of the Parliament. Hence, statements 2 and 3 are correct.