Context:

The Supreme Court recently raised concerns regarding economic disparity, food security, and the effectiveness of welfare policies, particularly in the context of the Public Distribution System (PDS) and the National Food Security Act (NFSA). Court highlighted that while certain states boast of high per capita income, they also have up to 70% of their population living below the poverty line (BPL).

• The court was hearing petitions seeking ration cards for migrant workers to ensure food security; the petitioners said the contradiction arose from the growing level of inequality.

Key Observations from the Supreme Court:

• Contradiction between Economic Progress and Poverty: The court pointed out the inherent contradiction in claims of economic progress alongside widespread poverty. It called for a deeper examination of wealth distribution and resource allocation, emphasizing the need for equitable growth where economic development benefits all sections of society.
• Effectiveness of the Public Distribution System (PDS): A major concern raised was whether the subsidized food grain distribution system is effectively reaching those who need it most. The court stressed the importance of ensuring that the PDS functions efficiently, remains free from political interference, and serves the intended beneficiaries—the poorest and most vulnerable sections of society.
• Political Influence on Ration Card Distribution: The court also questioned whether ration card allocations for subsidized food grains were being influenced by political considerations. This observation highlights a broader issue where welfare policies may be manipulated for partisan gains, ultimately undermining their effectiveness in addressing the real needs of the poor.
• Plight of Migrant Workers and Food Security: The plight of migrant workers emerged as a critical issue, particularly in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, which led to widespread unemployment and food insecurity. Many migrant workers remain outside the protective framework of the NFSA, making them highly vulnerable.

·        To address this, the court urged states to distribute ration cards to migrant workers, referring to the e-Shram portal, which has over 28 crore registered workers. Recognizing food as a fundamental right under Article 21 of the Constitution, the court called on the Centre to ensure timely and adequate food supplies to these workers, reinforcing the government’s duty to uphold basic human dignity and food security.

Conclusion:
The court’s remarks underscore the growing inequality in India, where economic development often fails to benefit the most vulnerable sections of society. The emphasis on migrant workers' inclusion in food security programs and the call for reforms in the Public Distribution System could lead to more inclusive and efficient welfare measures.