Context
Researchers have recently discovered two new species of jumping spiders in the Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary, located in the Kollam district of Kerala in western ghat. The new species have been named Epidelaxia falciformis sp. nov. and Epidelaxia palustris sp. nov., marking an exciting addition to the biodiversity of India.

About Epidelaxia falciformis and Epidelaxia palustris

Both species belong to the genus Epidelaxia, which was previously considered endemic to Sri Lanka. This discovery marks the first time the Epidelaxia genus has been recorded in India, expanding its known range from Sri Lanka to the Indian subcontinent.

These species were identified during field expeditions in the Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary, a vital area within the Western Ghats, known for its rich biodiversity.

Physical Features: 

Both species share some striking and unique physical features, making them easily identifiable:

• Yellow Triangular Mark: The females of both species have a prominent yellow triangular-shaped mark on the prosoma (the front part of their body).
• Males of Epidelaxia falciformis: Males have a brown carapace with a yellow-brown stripe, giving them a distinct look.
• Males of Epidelaxia palustris: These males feature a pale brown band along the side of their bodies.

About Western Ghats:

The Western Ghats are a mountain range in India that runs along the western coast of the peninsula. 

Geographical Significance
The Western Ghats block monsoon winds from the Arabian Sea, causing heavy rainfall on the west and creating a rain shadow on the east. They stretch across Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu.

1.   Biodiversity Hotspot
A UNESCO World Heritage Site, the Western Ghats are a biodiversity hotspot with many endemic species, including plants, animals, and insects found only in this region.

2.   Endemic Species
The region is home to unique species like the Nilgiri Tahr, Lion-tailed Macaque, and Malabar Large-spotted Frog, along with several species of orchids.

3.   Threats to Ecosystem
Human activities such as deforestation, mining, and agriculture are damaging the region's ecosystem, leading to habitat loss and declining biodiversity.

4.   Conservation Efforts
National parks and wildlife sanctuaries like Periyar, Bandipur, and Wayanad protect the region’s biodiversity. The Western Ghats are recognized as a biodiversity hotspot globally.

5.   Important Passes
The Palakkad Gap is a key mountain pass that connects the western coast with the eastern plains of India.

6.   Highest Peak
Anamudi, the highest peak in the Western Ghats, stands at 2,695 meters and is part of the Eravikulam National Park.

Conclusion:
The discovery of these two new species of jumping spiders is a significant addition to the biodiversity of India and the Western Ghats. As researchers continue to explore the unique species of this region, it is clear that the Western Ghats remains one of the most biodiverse and ecologically significant areas in the world. The discovery not only enriches our understanding of the local fauna but also underscores the importance of protecting such habitats to preserve these unique species for future generations.