Context:

On January 27, 2025, scientists at the Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Mohali, announced a breakthrough in Parkinson’s disease treatment.

• The development of a targeted nano-formulation offers a safer and more effective treatment option for Parkinson's disease, a neurodegenerative disorder.
• This innovation addresses the challenges of current therapies and is seen as a potential game-changer for Parkinson’s patients.

What is Parkinson ’s disease?

• Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurological disorder affecting the motor system.
• It is caused by the death of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain, essential for movement control.
• Common symptoms include tremors, stiffness, slowness of movement, and balance issues.
• Existing medications can only alleviate symptoms; there is no cure, highlighting the need for improved treatments.

About New Nano-Formulation:

• The INST research team developed a targeted nano-formulation focused on the sustained release of the hormone 17beta-estradiol (E2).
• E2 plays a critical role in managing Parkinson’s disease, as its imbalance in the brain contributes to neurodegenerative conditions like Parkinson’s.
• Traditional E2 treatments are limited by peripheral side effects and an incomplete understanding of its molecular mechanisms.
• The new nano-formulation addresses these issues by using a targeted delivery system, reducing side effects and improving therapeutic outcomes.

How Does It Work?

• The formulation involves Dopamine Receptor D3 (DRD3) conjugated to 17beta-estradiol-loaded chitosan nanoparticles, ensuring sustained release of E2 directly to the brain.
• It helps protect neurons by inhibiting the mitochondrial translocation of calpain, a protein involved in cellular damage.
• By preventing calpain from reaching the mitochondria, the formulation shields neurons from damage caused by rotenone-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, a common issue in neurodegenerative diseases.

Significance of the Research:

• Published in the journal Carbohydrate Polymers, this study marks a leap forward in understanding how E2 regulates oxidative stress and neuronal damage in Parkinson’s patients.
• The researchers highlight the potential of this nano-formulation to become a safer and more effective drug for Parkinson’s patients with further research into long-term safety and better-targeted delivery.
• Earlier, INST researchers also explored a nano-formulation of melatonin, another hormone, as a potential Parkinson’s treatment.
• Both innovations underline the growing interest in nano-based therapies for neurological disorders, promising better, long-term solutions for patients.