Context:

A recent study commissioned by the Delhi government has found microplastics in groundwater samples across the city, raising serious concerns about public health and the environment. The study, conducted by The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), marks the first time such contamination has been identified on this scale.

Key Findings

• Microplastics in Groundwater: Microplastics were detected in groundwater across nearly all 11 districts of Delhi, indicating widespread contamination.
• Source of Pollution: The study suggests that the pollution is linked to leaching from the Yamuna River, which was also found to contain microplastics in water and soil samples from its banks.

What Are Microplastics?

Microplastics are small plastic particles or fragments less than 5 mm in diameter, categorized into:

• Primary Microplastics: Manufactured intentionally for use in products like cosmetics (e.g., microbeads).
• Secondary Microplastics: Created when larger plastic objects break down due to environmental factors.

Health and Environmental Risks

• Health Concerns: Microplastics are linked to health issues such as genetic changes, brain development problems, and respiratory issues, especially in women.
• Exposure Routes: Humans are exposed to microplastics through ingestion (via water and food), inhalation (from air), and absorption (through skin).
• Toxicity: Microplastics can absorb harmful chemicals, increasing their toxicity. They have been found in human organs, including the placenta of newborns, indicating potential long-term health effects.

Need for Transparency and Action

• The Delhi government has not disputed the study’s findings, and the next phase of research is ongoing. The final report is expected later this year.
• The current study focuses on pre-monsoon groundwater samples from 2024, with post-monsoon data to be analyzed in the next phase.
• Experts urge the Delhi government to release the findings to the public to facilitate further research and solutions. Addressing pollution in the Yamuna River and improving water treatment systems are essential to tackling this issue.

Conclusion

The discovery of microplastics in Delhi’s groundwater highlights a growing environmental and health concern. Immediate action is needed to reduce plastic pollution and protect the city’s water resources for the future.