Answer: B

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is correct: The Forest Rights Act (FRA) was enacted in 2006 to correct historical injustices faced by tribal communities and forest dwellers by recognizing their rights to land and forest resources.


• Statement 2 is incorrect: The FRA prohibits unlawful eviction of tribal communities without recognition of their rights. Forced evictions in tiger reserves or other protected areas without ensuring compliance with the FRA are not permissible.


• Statement 3 is correct: The FRA recognizes three types of rights: individual rights (related to land occupation and cultivation), community rights (such as grazing and non-timber forest produce collection), and community forest resource (CFR) rights (related to the conservation and management of forest areas).


• Statement 4 is incorrect: While Gram Sabhas play a central role in recognizing and recommending the rights of tribal communities, the final approval of these rights is made by District-Level Committees (DLC), not the Forest Department.

Answer: B

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is correct: The Deccan Traps cover over 500,000 square kilometers in west-central India, making them one of the largest volcanic provinces in the world.


• Statement 2 is incorrect: The Deccan Traps were formed around 66 million years ago, during the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) extinction event, not during the Jurassic period.


• Statement 3 is correct: The volcanic eruptions that created the Deccan Traps were caused by the Indian Plate moving over a hotspot beneath Reunion Island, which triggered intense volcanic activity.


• Statement 4 is correct: The Deccan Traps are characterized by layered basaltic rock formations that give the region its distinct stepped landscape.

Answer: A

Explanation:

• Assertion (A) is correct: Dermatologists are questioning the appropriateness of the name Trichophyton indotineae due to its global distribution in more than 40 countries, which raises doubts about the validity of its association with India.


• Reason (R) is correct: The pathogen was initially named after India because it was first isolated there. However, as the fungus has been found in numerous countries, the justification for the name based solely on its initial discovery in India is now under debate.

Thus Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are correct, and Reason (R) correctly explains Assertion (A).

Answer: A

Explanation:

• Assertion (A) is correct: The Z-Morh tunnel is expected to contribute to economic growth by enabling year-round connectivity, which will enhance tourism and local business activities in Sonamarg.


• Reason (R) is correct: The tunnel bypasses avalanche-prone areas, ensuring all-weather access, which benefits both defense logistics and civilian transportation, thus facilitating trade and tourism. This directly supports the expected economic growth and tourism boost mentioned in Assertion (A).

·         Thus Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are correct, and Reason (R) correctly explains Assertion (A).

Answer: A

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is correct: The "Tirukkuṟaḷ" is indeed a collection of 1,330 couplets, divided into three sections: Aram (virtue), Porul (wealth), and Inbam (love).


• Statement 2 is incorrect: The "Tirukkuṟaḷ" focuses on ethics, politics, economics, and love, with a significant emphasis on social values, non-violence, and compassion, rather than being purely religious.


• Statement 3 is correct: Thiruvalluvar’s work has influenced not only Tamil literature but also various cultures and philosophical traditions globally, promoting moral living, non-violence, and compassion.