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Daily-mcqs 28 Jan 2025

Current Affairs MCQs for UPSC & State PSC Exams 28 Jan 2025

Current Affairs MCQs for UPSC & State PSC Exams

Q1:

Assertion: The 14th Amendment to the US Constitution guarantees birthright citizenship to all individuals born on US soil, regardless of their parents' citizenship status.
Reason: The 14th Amendment was specifically introduced to rectify the Dred Scott decision, which denied citizenship to slaves and their descendants.

Mark your answer as per the codes provided below:

A: Both Assertion and Reason are correct, and the Reason is the correct explanation for the Assertion.

B: Both Assertion and Reason are correct, but the Reason is not the correct explanation for the Assertion.

C: The Assertion is correct, but the Reason is incorrect.

D: The Assertion is incorrect, but the Reason is correct.

Show

Answer: A

Explanation:

The 14th Amendment, passed in 1866, was a direct response to the Dred Scott decision (1857) that excluded slaves and their descendants from citizenship. By granting citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the U.S., it rectified the injustice of the Dred Scott ruling. The reason for the 14th Amendment aligns with the assertion, as it was specifically meant to ensure that birthright citizenship applied broadly, irrespective of the parents' status. Hence, both the assertion and the reason are correct, and the reason explains the assertion.

Q2:

Which of the following statements about birthright citizenship in India is correct?

1.   Birthright citizenship was initially supported by leaders like B R Ambedkar and Sardar Patel.

2.   Article 5 of the Indian Constitution directly enshrines birthright citizenship.

3.   The Citizenship Act, 1955, was first amended in 1986 to grant citizenship to all children born in India, irrespective of their parents' status.

4.   The 2003 amendment to the Citizenship Act stated that a child would not become a citizen if one parent was an illegal immigrant at the time of the child's birth.

Choose the correct answer using the codes below:

A: 1 and 4 only

B: 1, 2, and 4 only

C: 1, 3, and 4 only

D: 2 and 3 only

Show

Answer: A

Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct: Leaders like B R Ambedkar and Sardar Patel supported birthright citizenship during India’s independence debates.

Statement 2 is incorrect: Article 5 of the Indian Constitution deals with the rights of citizenship, but it does not directly enshrine birthright citizenship. Birthright citizenship was codified through the Citizenship Act, 1955.

Statement 3 is incorrect: The 1986 amendment to the Citizenship Act restricted birthright citizenship, requiring at least one parent to be an Indian citizen for the child to gain citizenship.

Statement 4 is correct: The 2003 amendment clarified that a child born in India would not be a citizen if one of the parents was an illegal immigrant at the time of birth.

Q3:

Which of the following statements about Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is correct?

1.   GBS is an autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the central nervous system.

2.   The syndrome is characterized by symptoms such as weakness, tingling, numbness, and can progress to paralysis.

3.   The exact cause of GBS is fully understood, and it is primarily triggered by viral infections.

4.   Treatment for GBS typically involves plasmapheresis, which helps reduce the immune system’s attack on the body’s nerves.

Choose the correct answer using the codes below:

A: 1 and 2 only

B: 2 and 4 only

C: 1, 3, and 4 only

D: 2, 3, and 4 only

Show

Answer: B

Explanation:

Statement 1 is incorrect: GBS affects the peripheral nervous system, not the central nervous system.

Statement 2 is correct: GBS typically starts with weakness, tingling, and numbness in the limbs, which can progress to paralysis.

Statement 3 is incorrect: The exact cause of GBS is not fully understood, and while it is often preceded by infections (bacterial or viral), it is not solely triggered by viral infections.

Statement 4 is correct: Plasmapheresis is a common treatment for GBS, helping to remove plasma and reduce the immune attack on the nerves.

Q4:

Which of the following statements about the role of Governors as Chancellors of State universities in India is correct?

1.   The position of Governor as Chancellor was inherited from British colonial rule to maintain control over universities.

2.   Governors, acting as Chancellors, often consult with state governments before making decisions regarding universities.

3.   The dual role of Governors creates tensions, especially in opposition-led states, as they can make decisions independently of the state government.

4.   The 1983-88 Sarkaria Commission recommended that Governors should have the sole authority to appoint Vice-Chancellors.

Choose the correct answer using the codes below:

A: 1 and 3 only

B: 2 and 4 only

C: 1, 3, and 4 only

D: 1 and 2 only

Show

Answer: A

Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct: The position of Governor as Chancellor was inherited from British colonial rule, where Governors were appointed to maintain control over universities, such as those in Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras, established in 1857.

Statement 2 is incorrect: Governors often act unilaterally in university matters, bypassing state governments, particularly in opposition-led states.

Statement 3 is correct: The dual role of Governors creates tensions, especially in opposition-led states, as they can make decisions independently, affecting university governance.

Statement 4 is incorrect: The Sarkaria Commission (1983-88) recommended that Governors consult with Chief Ministers, while still retaining independent judgment, but did not suggest that Governors should have sole authority over Vice-Chancellor appointments.

Q5:

Assertion (A): Under Trump 2.0, the U.S. will focus on strengthening defense and security cooperation in the Indo-Pacific to counter China’s influence.

Reason (R): Trump’s first term emphasized hard power dynamics and defense cooperation, with strategic shifts like renaming the Pacific Command to the U.S. Indo-Pacific Command and revitalizing the Quad.

Choose the correct answer using the codes below:

A: Both assertion and reason are correct, and the reason correctly explains the assertion.

B: Both assertion and reason are correct, but the reason does not explain the assertion.

C: The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.

D: The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.

Show

Answer: B

Explanation:

Assertion (A) is correct: Trump 2.0's strategy for the Indo-Pacific will indeed focus on strengthening defense and security cooperation, particularly to address the growing influence of China in the region. This aligns with Trump's first-term approach of using military power and strategic alliances to secure regional stability.

Reason (R) is correct: Trump’s first term saw significant strategic shifts, such as renaming the Pacific Command to the U.S. Indo-Pacific Command, which highlighted the importance of the region. Additionally, the revitalization of the Quad and an emphasis on defense and maritime security were key elements of his strategy, reinforcing the continued focus on military power and defense cooperation.