Answer: B

Explanation:

• Article 50 → Separation of Judiciary from the Executive (A-3)


• Article 235 → High Courts' supervision of subordinate courts (B-1)


• Article 124(4) → Removal of Supreme Court judges (C-4)


• Article 217 → Removal of High Court judges (D-2)

Answer: C

Explanation:

Statement-I: The Judicial Standards and Accountability Bill aims to improve transparency and accountability in the judiciary.

• This statement is correct because the Judicial Standards and Accountability Bill was introduced to set ethical and professional standards for judges while ensuring mechanisms to address judicial misconduct.


• The Bill sought to increase transparency in the judiciary and establish a system where allegations of misconduct against judges could be investigated in a structured manner.


• It aimed to prevent corruption, ensure impartiality, and uphold public trust in the judiciary.

Statement-II: The Bill has been enacted and is actively ensuring judicial accountability in India.

• This statement is incorrect because the Judicial Standards and Accountability Bill has not been enacted yet.


• It was introduced in 2010 but lapsed in 2014 with the dissolution of the 15th Lok Sabha.


• Since then, no alternative legislation has been passed to replace it, and judicial accountability remains a debated issue.

Answer: B

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is correct: India’s financial system includes state-owned banks, private banks, and NBFCs, making it diverse and resilient. This variety helps in risk distribution and financial stability.


• Statement 2 is incorrect: The IMF report highlights that PSBs need to strengthen their capital base to handle economic downturns and meet regulatory capital requirements. Some PSBs still struggle with bad loans (NPAs) and need more reserves.


• Statement 3 is correct: India’s insurance sector is growing due to better regulations and digital innovations, making policies more accessible and secure. The Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) has played a key role in this.

Thus, only two statements are correct, making (b) the right answer.

Answer: B

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is correct: Indigenous defence production reached ₹1.27 lakh crore in FY 2023-24, the highest ever recorded.


• Statement 2 is correct: Defence exports surged from ₹686 crore (2013-14) to ₹21,083 crore (2023-24), reflecting a major rise in global defence sales.


• Statement 3 is incorrect: The Defence Industrial Corridors (DICs) are located in Uttar Pradesh and Tamil Nadu, not Maharashtra and Karnataka.

Answer: B

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is correct: Permafrost is ground that remains frozen for at least two consecutive years, making it an important part of cold regions like the Himalayas.


• Statement 2 is correct: Around 64.8% of Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh is covered by permafrost, playing a crucial role in the region’s ecosystem and water storage.


• Statement 3 is incorrect: Permafrost degradation affects water availability by disrupting glacial rivers and groundwater flow, leading to potential water shortages for drinking and irrigation.

Thus, only two statements are correct, making (b) the right answer.

Answer: B

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is correct: Permafrost is ground that remains frozen for at least two consecutive years, making it an important part of cold regions like the Himalayas.


• Statement 2 is correct: Around 64.8% of Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh is covered by permafrost, playing a crucial role in the region’s ecosystem and water storage.


• Statement 3 is incorrect: Permafrost degradation affects water availability by disrupting glacial rivers and groundwater flow, leading to potential water shortages for drinking and irrigation.

Thus, only two statements are correct, making (b) the right answer.