Answer: D

Explanation:

Recently, The Supreme Court has made a significant move by recalling its 2022 judgment that struck down certain provisions of the Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Amendment Act, 1988. This decision comes after the Centre filed a review petition, arguing that the validity of Sections 3(2) and 5 of the amended Act were not under challenge. Thus 1st statement is correct.

The 2016 amendments introduced stricter penalties, including imprisonment and confiscation of properties. However, the 2022 judgment ruled that these amendments cannot be applied retrospectively, and Sections 3(2) and 5 of the amended Act were declared unconstitutional. Thus 2nd and 3^rd statement is correct.

Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Amendment Act, 1988, aimed to prohibit benami transactions and provide for the acquisition of properties involved in such transactions. Thus 4^th statement is correct.

Answer: B

Explanation:

“Smart” insulin known as NNC2215, insulin is designed to automatically respond to blood glucose fluctuations, thereby reducing the burden of constant monitoring. Thus 1st statement is correct.

When blood sugar levels are low, the glucoside binds to the ring, keeping the insulin inactive. As blood sugar rises, glucose replaces the glucoside, triggering the insulin to activate and effectively lower blood sugar levels. Thus 2^nd statement is correct.

It was developed by An international team of scientists from companies in Denmark, the UK, and Czechia, along with the University of Bristol, which can be very helpful for diabetes treatment in future. Thus 3rd statement is correct.

Answer: B

Explanation:

Habeas corpus is a legal remedy that allows individuals who are detained to seek a court order for their release. It is a fundamental right that ensures that no one can be held in custody without just cause. Thus 1^st statement is correct.

In India, both the Supreme Court and High Courts have the authority to issue writs of habeas corpus. High Courts can entertain petitions for habeas corpus under Article 226 of the Constitution, while the Supreme Court can do so under Article 32. This means that individuals can seek protection from unlawful detention at both levels of the judiciary. Thus 2nd statement is incorrect.

Article 32 of the Indian Constitution allows individuals to approach the Supreme Court for the enforcement of their fundamental rights. The Supreme Court can issue various writs, including:

Mandamus: Commands a public authority to perform a duty that it is obligated to complete.

Prohibition: Prevents lower courts or authorities from exceeding their jurisdiction.

Certiorari: Directs a lower court to transfer a case to a higher court or correct errors in its proceedings.

Thus 3rd statement is correct.

Answer: B

Explanation:

The "Sagar Kavach" coastal security exercise took place in the maritime region off the coast of Gujarat and the Union Territory of Daman and Diu. Thus 1^st statement is correct.

The exercise was not limited to the Indian Coast Guard; it included a range of key stakeholders such as the Indian Navy, State Police, Marine Police, Border Security Force (BSF), National Security Guard (NSG), Gujarat Maritime Board (GMB), Intelligence Bureau (IB), and port authorities. Thus 2^nd statement is incorrect.

The main objective of "Sagar Kavach" was to enhance maritime and coastal security by testing and validating the Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) of the participating agencies. Thus 3rd statement is correct.

Answer: B

Explanation:

Non-kinetic warfare encompasses strategies that do not rely on direct physical force but instead aim to disrupt, manipulate, or degrade an opponent's capabilities and resolve. Thus 1st statement is incorrect.

Cyber warfare is indeed a key component of non-kinetic warfare, focusing on disrupting information systems and gathering intelligence. Thus 2nd statement is correct.

Non-kinetic warfare can involve non-military stakeholders, such as corporations and civilian organizations, expanding the battlefield beyond state actors. Thus 3rd statement is incorrect.