These sections of the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act empower the government to address unlawful associations. Section 3 allows the government to declare an association as "unlawful," leading to criminalization and property forfeiture. Hence statement 1 is correct. Section 4 mandates prompt notification to the Unlawful Activities Prevention Tribunal for ban ratification. Hence statement 2 is correct.  Section 7 authorizes intervention in financial activities by prohibiting fund use. Hence statement 3 is incorrect.  Section 8 grants authority for notifying and seizing locations used by the unlawful association, forming a comprehensive legal framework against such entities. Hence statement 4 is incorrect.

In the realm of higher education, the Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) for individuals aged 18-23 stands at 28.4, with Chandigarh exhibiting the highest GER at an impressive 64.8%. The Gender Parity Index (GPI) at the national level is recorded at 1.01, signifying gender parity. Notably, in 26 states and Union Territories, GERs favor women. Hence statement 1 is correct. When it comes to discipline preferences, arts takes precedence in undergraduate enrolment, comprising 34.2%, followed by science (14.8%), commerce (13.3%), and engineering/technology (11.8%). At the postgraduate level, the Master of Arts (MA) program holds the lead, encompassing 40.7% of the total enrolment. These statistics offer insights into the educational landscape, shedding light on enrolment patterns and gender dynamics across disciplines and regions. Hence statement 2 is incorrect.

A neural network serves as a computational model that draws inspiration from the intricate structure and functionality of the human brain, aiming to process intricate data and facilitate decision-making. The network comprises interconnected nodes, or neurons, arranged in layers, where each layer undertakes specific computations. The learning process of neural networks involves the adjustment of connection strengths between neurons based on data, empowering the network to discern patterns and formulate predictions. This adaptive capability allows neural networks to evolve and improve their performance over time through exposure to diverse datasets. Hence option (b) is correct.

Humboldt's enigma is the mystery of why certain mountainous regions, especially in the tropics, exhibit remarkably high biodiversity. Coined by Alexander von Humboldt in the 19th century, it challenges the belief that the highest biodiversity is confined to equatorial rainforests. Advocates suggest that biodiversity is not limited to tropical areas, emphasizing the richness of mountain ecosystems. The National Mission on Himalayan Studies, launched in 2015-16, aims to explore biodiversity in India. Hence option (b) is correct.

UNRWA, the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East, is a UN agency dedicated to supporting the relief and human development of Palestinian refugees, covering those displaced since the 1948 Palestine War and their descendants, including legally adopted children. Hence statement 1 is incorrect. As a subsidiary organ of the United Nations General Assembly, UNRWA operates under the authority of Articles 7(2) and 22 of the UN Charter. Notably, it is one of the two UN agencies reporting directly to the General Assembly. Hence statement 2 is incorrect and statement 3 is correct.