Answer: B

Explanation:

Recently, the researchers from the USA, Germany, Finland and China have investigated the unsustainable expansion of irrigated agriculture highlighting concerns about inadequate water supply for nature and human needs. Notable expansion occurred in regions like northwest India and northeast China, while some areas, like Russia, experienced decline. Between 2000 and 2015, the global area equipped for irrigation (AEI) witnessed an 11% increase, reaching 330 million hectares by 2015. Notable expansion occurred in regions such as northwest India and northeast China, while others, like Russia, experienced a decline in irrigation area.

Over half (52%) of the irrigation expansion took place in regions already facing water stress, with India and Pakistan showing significant unsustainable expansion, exacerbating water stress challenges. Water stress is categorized as green water stress (GWS) or blue water stress (BWS), depending on rainfall and surface/groundwater availability. Certain countries like Brazil, Indonesia, Peru, Italy, and France demonstrated sustainable expansion practices in irrigation.

Unsustainable expansion poses risks to freshwater resources, impacting food self-sufficiency and global food security. Countries may struggle to meet domestic food demand, potentially increasing reliance on food imports. Research conducted by institutions from the USA, Germany, Finland, and China highlighted the extent of unsustainable irrigation expansion and its implications. Hence, statements 1 and 3 are correct while statements 2 and 4 are incorrect.

Answer: D

Explanation:

Simultaneous elections, popularly known as "One Nation, One Election," entail holding elections for Lok Sabha, state Legislative Assemblies and local bodies concurrently. Simultaneous elections were conducted in seven states in 1957 but discontinued after 1967 due to various reasons, leading to staggered election schedules. Frequent elections disrupt government machinery, causing inconvenience to citizens. The High-level Committee (HLC), chaired by former President Ram Nath Kovind, was established in September 2023 to study the issue. The committee proposed two-step constitutional amendments to enable simultaneous elections for Lok Sabha, State Assemblies, municipalities, and panchayats. It also suggested logistical planning by the Election Commission of India for smooth execution. Hence, statement 1 and 2 both are incorrect.

Answer: C

Explanation:

Recently, the Eri (tank) network in the Kazhuveli watershed region of Villupuram district, boasting an impressive network of ancient tanks, is set to be proposed for nomination to the World Monuments Fund Watch 2025 programme. The World Monuments Fund (WMF) is a non-profit organization that works to protect the world's most important places through advocacy, grantmaking, education, training and fieldwork. It was founded in 1965 and has a global team of experts who have preserved more than 700 cultural heritage sites in 112 countries.  Its headquarter in New York, USA. Hence, option (c) is correct.

Answer: A

Explanation:

Recently, NITI Aayog launched the 'Vocal for Local' program under the Aspirational Blocks Programme to promote grassroots entrepreneurship and self-reliance. The 'Vocal for Local' is an initiative which aims to promote grassroots entrepreneurship and self-reliance in India. The initiative primarily focuses on encouraging the production and consumption of local indigenous products, thereby empowering micro enterprises in Aspirational Blocks. Hence, statement 1 is correct.

A dedicated window has been established on the GeM portal under the brand name 'Aakanksha' to facilitate the procurement and promotion of products from Aspirational Blocks. Technical and operational support is provided for various aspects including e-commerce onboarding, financial/digital literacy, documentation/certification and skill enhancement. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.

Answer: C

Explanation:

Recently, a ship carrying 200 tonnes of aid for Gaza departed from Cyprus as part of a pilot project aimed at establishing a sea corridor for delivering supplies to a population facing famine following five months of war. Nicosia is the capital of this country. Cyprus is the third largest island country in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea after Sicily and Sardinia. Cyprus shares maritime borders with several countries including Syria to the East, Lebanon & Israel to the Southeast, Turkey to the North and Egypt to the South. The highest point in Cyprus is Mount Olympus (also known as Chionistra), located in the Troodos Mountains in the central part of the island. The island has a Mediterranean climate. Hence, option (c) is correct.