The Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI), introduced in 2010, serves as a crucial global tool for assessing acute multidimensional poverty in over 100 developing nations. Jointly launched by OPHI and the UNDP's Human Development Report Office, the index has become instrumental in comprehensively addressing poverty issues on a global scale. Hence statement 3 is correct.

Hence option (b) is correct.

These standards, established by the CAC, serve as universal benchmarks for addressing food safety disputes. Their purpose extends to fostering the harmonization of food standards, facilitating equitable global trade, and elevating food safety standards on a global scale. The CAC's contributions are integral to ensuring consistency, fairness, and enhanced safety in the international food industry. Hence statement 2 is incorrect.

Under the Indian Constitution, bonded labour is addressed through various articles. Article 21 protects against forced labour, ensuring the right to life and personal liberty. Hence statement 1 is correct.

Article 24 specifically prohibits bonded child labour, safeguarding the youngest members of society. Hence statement 2 is correct.

Article 39, a directive principle, emphasizes social justice and strives to prevent citizens from being compelled into unsuitable occupations due to economic necessity. These constitutional provisions collectively work towards eradicating bonded labour and upholding the fundamental rights and dignity of individuals. Hence statement 3 is correct.

The rare Dusted Apollo butterfly, found in the inner Himalayas at altitudes of 3,500 to 4,800 meters, was observed during a Chamba trek to Manimahesh Lake. Discovered in 1890, its habitat spans from Ladakh to western Nepal. Resembling the Ladakh Banded Apollo, a key distinction lies in the complete discal band on the Dusted Apollo's upper forewing, extending from costa to vein one. Unfortunately, its habitat faces reduction due to conifer plantations, agriculture, urbanization, and habitat succession to scrubland. This medium-sized butterfly features translucent wings with dark markings and a red or orange spot on the hindwing. Hence option (d) is correct.