Answer: D

Explanation:

The Right to Information (RTI) Act 2005 is enshrined in the Indian Constitution as a fundamental right. It allows citizens to access records held by the central and state governments. The act was passed by the parliament in June 2005. Its aim is to inculcate a culture of openness, accountability and participatory governance. The Act and its rules outline procedures for requisitioning information, specifying time frames, methods of disclosure, application charges, and exemptions for non-disclosure. It helps in exposing corruption prevailing in the government systems, bringing the focus on any violation of human rights and highlighting malpractices of government authorities at union or state levels.  The RTI Act 2005 is enshrined in article 19(1) of Part 3 of the Indian Constitution.

Hence, all statements are correct.

Answer: B

Explanation:

The WHO reported an increase in individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) from 23.6 million in 2019 to 26.6 million in 2021. Projections indicate a 25% increase in individuals receiving ART in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) by 2025, according to recent WHO publication. Hence, statement 1 is correct.

Of the estimated 38.4 million people living with HIV by the end of 2021, the WHO African Region accounted for 25.6 million. Dolutegravir-based ART is the primary treatment recommended for HIV in LMICs, both for initial and secondary treatments. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.

Despite a projected decline in the number of children living with HIV in LMICs, meeting the UNAIDS target of 95% treatment coverage by 2025 would require an increase in the number of children receiving treatment to 1.1 million. Oral PrEP utilization globally increased significantly, with around 1.8 million individuals receiving it in 2021, a five-fold rise from 2018. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.

Answer: C

Explanation:

Today, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) celebrates its 75th anniversary since its establishment on April 4. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is an international military alliance that was established in 1949. Its primary goal is to protect the freedom and security of its members through political and military means. Hence, statement 1 is correct.

It is made up of 32 countries from North America and Europe, including the US, UK, France, Germany, Italy, Spain and Turkey. A crucial aspect of NATO is Article 5 of the Washington Treaty, which enshrines the principle of collective defense. According to this article, an attack against one member is considered an attack against all, necessitating a collective response. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

Answer: C

Explanation:

Recently, the UN Human Rights Council announced its consideration of a draft resolution proposing an arms embargo on Israel, citing concerns about the "plausible risk of genocide in Gaza." The United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) is an intergovernmental body that promotes and protects human rights around the world. The United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) was established in 2006 by the United Nations General Assembly, replacing the United Nations Commission on Human Rights (UNCHR). Hence, statement 1 is correct.

It comprises 47 member states elected by the UN General Assembly through a majority vote.

It conducts periodic reviews of human rights situations in UN member states through the Universal Periodic Review (UPR) mechanism. It addresses specific human rights violations, monitors human rights situations globally, and recommends measures to address them. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

Answer: B

Explanation:

Recently, restrictions were placed on visitors to the Ahobilam shrine, comprising nine temples within the Nallamala forest, located in the Nagarjunasagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve. The Nagarjunasagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve (NSTR) is the largest tiger reserve in India. The reserve is located in the Nallamala hill range, which is part of the Eastern Ghats in Andhra Pradesh and the Krishna River runs through this reserve. Hence, statement I is correct.

It was declared officially in the year 1978 and has been recognized by the Project Tiger in the year 1983.This Reserve has been renamed as the Rajiv Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary in the year 1992. This reserve is managed by the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA), established in 2005 under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. Hence, statement II is correct.

Here, Statements I and II both are correct but Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I. Hence, option (b) is correct.