Answer: C

Explanation:

Recently, the Supreme Court issued a directive stating that illegal mining activities in the Aravali range in Rajasthan must stop immediately. The Aravalli Range is one of the oldest fold mountains globally, spanning approximately 670 km in a south-west direction from near Delhi through southern Haryana and Rajasthan to Gujarat. Hence, statements 1 and 2 both are correct.

Guru Shikhar, standing at 1,722 meters (5,650 feet), is the highest peak in the Aravalli Range, located in the Arbuda Mountains of Rajasthan. The Aravalli serves as a source for three major river systems and their tributaries, including the Banas and Sahibi rivers (tributaries of the Yamuna) and the Luni River, which flows into the Rann of Kutch. Hence, statement 3 is correct.

It is part of the Aravalli-Delhi orogenic belt, formed due to tectonic plate collisions during the Proterozoic era. It is a constituent of the Indian Shield, formed through cratonic collisions. It is rich in mineral resources such as copper, zinc, lead and marble. Hence, statement 4 is correct.

Answer: B

Explanation:

Recently, Nirmala Kagadya Vasave, a 38-year-old Adivasi from the Bhil community in Nandurbar, Maharashtra, emphasized the prolonged neglect of tribal development over 75 years, calling for Adivasi empowerment and representation to address the issue. The Bhil tribe is an indigenous ethnic group in India that is considered one of the oldest tribes in the country. Hence, statement 1 is correct.

The name "Bhil" comes from the Dravidian word villu, which means "bow". The Bhils are known for their archery skills and knowledge of local geography. They are also skilled sculptors and traditionally experts in guerrilla warfare, though most today are farmers and agricultural laborers.  They live in forested and hilly regions and speak Bhili, an Indo-Aryan language. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

The Bhils are divided into two main groups: the central and eastern Rajput Bhils. The central Bhils live in the mountain regions of Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat and Rajasthan, while the Bhils in the northeast live in Tripura. The Bhils are known for their traditional crafts, such as pottery, basketry and paintings. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.

Answer: A

Explanation:

Recently, the Supreme Court emphasized that the objectives of the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act cannot be overlooked, even if child marriages persist or abusers marry their minor victims to evade prosecution. The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012 was passed by the Parliament to prevent children under 18 from sexual assault, sexual harassment and child pornography. Hence, statement I is correct.

This Act is administered by the Ministry of Women and Child Development. The act also establishes Special Courts for the trial of these offenses. In 2019, the act was amended to increase the minimum punishment for aggravated penetrative sexual assault from seven years to ten years. Hence, statement II is correct.

Here, statements I and II both are correct and statement –II is the correct explanation of statement-I. Hence, option (a) is correct.

Answer: C

Explanation:

Recently, the P versus NP problem, typically confined to computer science, has shown broader impacts in the field of medical science. The P versus NP problem is a fundamental question in computer science regarding the efficiency of solving computational problems. It asks whether every problem whose solution can be quickly verified by a computer can also be quickly solved by a computer. Hence, statement 1 is correct.

P Problems refer to computational problems that can be efficiently solved by a computer, with the time required to find a solution increasing polynomially as the size of the input grows. NP problems are those for which a solution can be verified quickly, but finding the solution itself may not be quick, with the time required to verify a solution increasing polynomially as the size of the input grows. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

Answer: A

Explanation:

India has rejected the comments made by Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau on killing of Khalistan separatist Hardeep Singh Nijjar saying that the remarks once again illustrate the political space given to separatism, extremism and violence in Canada. Canada is a country situated in North America. This country shares its borders with the Atlantic Ocean to the east, the Pacific Ocean to the west, the Arctic Ocean to the north and the United States to the south. Ottawa is the capital of Canada. The highest point in Canada is Mount Logan, which is located in the Yukon Territory. Major rivers in Canada include the Mackenzie River, St. Lawrence River, Fraser River, Yukon River, Saskatchewan River, Peace River, and Ottawa River. Canada is a member of various international organizations including the United Nations, NATO, G7, G20, Commonwealth of Nations and the WTO. Hence, option (a) is correct.