Introduction

As the world grapples with the escalating climate crisis, the imperative for sustainable practices in every facet of human activity becomes increasingly evident. In August 2023, the Election Commission of India (ECI) raised concerns about the environmental impact of using non-biodegradable materials in elections, highlighting the need for eco-friendly electoral processes. With elections being a fundamental aspect of democratic societies, the environmental footprint they leave behind warrants attention. This article explores the necessity of transitioning towards green elections in India, analyzing the challenges and opportunities associated with such a paradigm shift.

The Urgency for Change

The environmental footprint of elections often goes unnoticed amidst the fervor of political campaigns. However, research indicates that traditional election methods, characterized by the use of paper-based materials, energy-intensive rallies, and disposable items, significantly contribute to carbon emissions and environmental degradation. The sheer scale of India's elections, with millions of voters and massive political rallies, exacerbates this impact. For instance, in the 2016 US presidential elections, the carbon emissions from campaign flights alone underscored the environmental toll of electoral processes. Recognizing the urgency of addressing these concerns, the concept of green elections emerges as a viable solution to mitigate environmental harm while fostering civic engagement.

Challenges and Opportunities

Transitioning to eco-friendly electoral practices presents multifaceted challenges, ranging from technological and financial barriers to behavioral and cultural inertia. Electronic and digital voting systems require robust infrastructure and safeguards against hacking and fraud, posing significant technological hurdles. Moreover, ensuring equitable access to new technologies and training election officials are essential to uphold the integrity of the electoral process. Financial constraints may deter governments from investing in eco-friendly materials and technologies, necessitating innovative funding mechanisms. Additionally, overcoming cultural resistance to digital voting and the perception of physical presence at polling booths as sacrosanct represents a behavioral challenge that requires concerted efforts to address.

Despite these challenges, embracing green elections offers promising opportunities for innovation and environmental stewardship. Successful initiatives in Kerala, Sri Lanka, and Estonia demonstrate the feasibility of implementing eco-friendly electoral practices. For instance, Kerala's ban on single-use plastic materials during campaigning and Goa's use of biodegradable materials for election booths exemplify localized solutions to reduce environmental impact. Similarly, Sri Lanka's carbon-sensitive election campaign and Estonia's pioneering digital voting system underscore the potential for combining technological advancements with environmental consciousness. By leveraging these examples and fostering collaboration among stakeholders, India can navigate the transition towards green elections effectively.

A Blueprint for Change

To facilitate the transition to eco-friendly electoral practices, a comprehensive blueprint involving political parties, Election Commissions, governments, voters, civil society, and the media is essential. Political parties play a pivotal role in driving legislative changes mandating eco-friendly electoral practices and integrating them into the Model Code of Conduct. This may entail shifting campaign strategies towards digital platforms or door-to-door canvassing to reduce reliance on energy-intensive rallies. Incentivizing the use of sustainable alternatives to plastic and paper-based materials for polling booths can further support waste management and local artisans.

Simultaneously, Election Commissions can spearhead initiatives to promote digital voting, necessitating capacity building for officials and voter education campaigns. Ensuring equitable access to digital technology is crucial to mitigate disparities in voter participation and enhance public trust in the electoral process. Civil society organizations can act as catalysts for change by advocating for eco-friendly electoral practices and holding stakeholders accountable. Additionally, the media's role in highlighting the environmental impact of conventional election methods and showcasing innovative alternatives is indispensable in driving societal awareness and behavioral change.

Conclusion

Embracing eco-conscious electoral practices is imperative for India to mitigate its environmental footprint and set a precedent for democratic nations worldwide. While the transition towards green elections presents challenges, it also offers unprecedented opportunities for innovation, collaboration, and environmental stewardship. By harnessing the collective efforts of political parties, Election Commissions, governments, voters, civil society, and the media, India can navigate this paradigm shift effectively. Ultimately, the journey towards green elections signifies a commitment to sustainable democracy and a healthier planet for future generations. 

Source – The Hindu