Context-

Science communication in India has witnessed significant strides in recent years, with notable achievements such as the Chandrayaan-3 mission and informative initiatives during the COVID-19 pandemic.

However, these endeavors have also exposed critical gaps in the reliable communication of scientific information. Here we look into the current state of science communication in India, examining existing initiatives, and lacunae, and proposing a comprehensive strategy to bolster the effectiveness of science communication across diverse contexts.

Historical Context:

Historically, India boasts an impressive scientific heritage, with advancements in mathematics, astronomy, medicine, and material science dating back to ancient times. Despite this rich legacy, a considerable gap has persisted between scientific knowledge and the general population. Early attempts to bridge this gap include initiatives such as Vigyan, a monthly popular science magazine in Hindi, published by Vigyan Parishad since 1915.

Post-Independence Initiatives:

Post-Independence in 1947, Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru advocated for a modern 'scientific temper,' emphasizing an enquiring attitude and analytical approach. The constitution of India reflects this vision, aiming to develop a scientific temper, humanism, and a spirit of inquiry. Nehru played a pivotal role in advancing science communication in independent India through the establishment of institutions like the National Institute of Science Communication (NISCOM), which publishes popular science journals like Vigyan Pragati.

●     The establishment of the Publications & Information Directorate (PID) in 1951 marked the beginning of state-backed science communication, including national science magazines like Vigyan Pragati, Science Reporter, and Science Ki Duniya.

●     The Birla Industrial and Technological Museum in 1959 aimed to define India’s scientific heritage and promote science education.

●     The 42nd Amendment to the Constitution in 1976 emphasized the duty of citizens to develop a scientific temper.

●      The sixth Five Year Plan (1980-1985) highlighted the need to popularize science, leading to the formation of NCSTC (National Council for Science and Technology Communication )

●       Vigyan Prasar, an autonomous organization, was established in 1989 by the Department of Science and Technology to promote science.

Contemporary Landscape:

CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research (CSIR-NIScPR):

●      In 2021, the government merged two institutions to form CSIR-NIScPR, showcasing a commitment to advancing science communication.

●       Most national science funding agencies have communication divisions that engage in press releases, social media campaigns, exhibitions, and popular lectures.

2. Closure of Vigyan Prasar:

●       Despite achievements, Vigyan Prasar was closed in early 2023, highlighting the dynamic nature of science communication initiatives in India.

Challenges and Lacunae:

Educational Foundation:

●        Lack of formal education and training in science communication.

●        Limited focus on science communication research in India.

Integration into Scientific Process:

●        Insufficient incorporation of science communication into the scientific process.

●        Need to build approaches at the student, scientist, and institutional levels for effective communication.

Professional Recognition and Public Engagement:

●        Incentivizing scientists for effective science communication.

●        Building institutional outreach programs to foster public engagement.

●        Translating research papers into regional languages to enhance accessibility.

Superstitions in Tribal Areas:

●       Superstitions persist in tribal areas with low literacy levels.

●       Implication: Hinders the acceptance of scientific principles and progress.

Limited Media Coverage of Science:

●       Science constitutes only around three percent of coverage in Indian media.

●       Difficulty in capturing public interest and awareness about scientific advancements.

Discrepancy in Overall vs. Scientific Literacy:

●       Scientific literacy lags behind the increasing overall literacy rates.

●       Highlighting the need for targeted efforts to improve understanding of scientific principles.

Efforts in Popularizing Science in Regional Languages:

●       Mass education efforts are ongoing, but attention to local languages is crucial.

●       Importance of reaching a broader audience by breaking language barriers.

Scarcity of Trained Science Communicators:

●       Lack of skilled communicators in the field of science.

●       Necessitates transformative approaches to present scientific information in a more engaging manner.

Role of Radio and Television in Science Communication:

●       While promising, these mediums need improvement in disseminating scientific content.

●       Emphasizes the potential impact of these platforms in enhancing science communication.

Strategies for Effective Science Communication:

Formal Education and Training:

●       Expand science communication degree programs at the master’s and doctoral levels.

●       Foster research in science communication to generate a cadre of informed communicators.

Integration into Scientific Process:

●      Incorporate science communication as an integral part of the scientific method.

●       Establish rewards for scientists actively engaged in science communication.

●      Nourish public engagement through outreach programs.

Multidisciplinary Approach:

●      Develop a large-scale science communication strategy addressing national challenges.

●      Create a professional organization with experts from various fields.

●      Collaborate closely with government-level science departments, offices, and stakeholders.

 Communication Frameworks:

●       Establish communication frameworks to respond to immediate challenges.

●        Devise long-term plans to foster scientific rationale and public understanding of science.

●        Cut across disciplines, involving science, medicine, disaster management, national security, diplomacy, media formats, communication networks, and demographic groups.

Conclusion:

Science communication in India has evolved, presenting both opportunities and challenges. The Chandrayaan-3 mission and COVID-19 initiatives showcased the potential for widespread understanding through effective communication. However, the closure of Vigyan Prasar and challenges during the pandemic underscores the need for a comprehensive and integrated approach to science communication. By addressing educational gaps, integrating communication into the scientific process, and adopting a multidisciplinary strategy, India can enhance its capacity to communicate science effectively, fostering a scientifically informed society.

Source- The HIndu